Journal of Management and Science

Entrepreneurship among people with Disabilities: A Literature Review

Napoleon Arrey Mbayong — 2024-12-24

The aim of this research project is to contribute to the socio-professional integration of people with disabilities in Cameroon: diagnosis and courses of action. As the scientific literature shows, entrepreneurship among people with disabilities is an alternative to salaried employment, which is difficult for this category of people to access. It is an important aspect of professional integration. According to the results of empirical research, promoting entrepreneurship among people with disabilities is an alternative to the barriers to access to employment for people with disabilities.
This document summarises the results of a non-exhaustive literature review on entrepreneurship by people with disabilities in 4 points: (1) The current state of research into entrepreneurship by people with disabilities; (2) Reasons for entrepreneurship among people with disabilities; (3) Barriers to entrepreneurship for people with disabilities; (4) Emerging strategies to promote entrepreneurship among people with disabilities.
To access the articles analysed, we download 105 documents (scientific articles and reports from international organisations). By applying the selection criterion relating to the relevance of the content of these documents to our research question, only 46 articles were retained for systematic analysis.
On the basis of a critical analysis of the results of previous research on entrepreneurship by people with disabilities, we conclude by suggesting the following emergence strategy corporate enterprises owned by people with disabilities. This strategy aims to ensure better management of the vulnerability caused by the low level of start-up capital of people with disabilities, especially in developing countries where the number of salaried jobs available is very low.

Professional integration of teachers through the many aspects of socialisation at work using ISaTE as a measurement tool

Napoleon Arrey Mbayong — 2024-12-24

This study presents the design and validation process for an instrument to measure the socialisation at work of beginning teachers. In pursuit of these objectives, we propose in this contribution the design and validation process for a scale for measuring socialisation at work specific to the teaching profession. A total of 1487 teachers from different levels of compulsory education in Cameroon were interviewed. The theoretical foundations and exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses highlighted four dimensions of socialisation at work: socialisation to the work group, to the micro- political climate, to teaching tasks and to the organisation. To test and validate ISaTE, an online questionnaire was widely distributed in primary and secondary schools via teachers enrolled in a Master’s programme in Education Sciences at our universities.
In compliance with various consensus criteria for scale validation processes, the proposed instrument presents strong validity arguments. This contribution addresses the major issue of a global approach to teacher induction that goes beyond approaches centred on the teacher's work in the classroom. In this contribution, we have modelled teachers' socialisation at work and presented a measurement instrument (ISaTE) that makes it possible to jointly examine the multiple dimensions of the teaching profession. Our results indicate that four dimensions coexist in the process of teachers' socialisation at work: teaching tasks, the work group, the micro-political climate and the organisation. The obvious importance of each of these leads us to question the theoretical postulate formulated following Ball (1994) and to assert that socialization to the micropolitical climate is not a component of socialization to the work group, but a distinct dimension. As a result, we have adapted our attempt to model teachers' socialization to work by including this dimension in its own right.

Impact of smartphone abstinence: A digital detox study among college students in Chennai

Nidhya Balasubramanian — 2024-12-24

In today's digital age, college students are among the most prolific users of smartphones and social media platforms, leading to significant concerns about digital addiction. While digital platforms offer numerous advantages, their misuse and overuse can pose serious threats. This study investigates the impact of a one-day digital detox camp on college students in Chennai, focusing on the effects of abstaining from smartphones. The detox camp, inspired by similar initiatives in the USA, aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a complete digital break. The study utilized qualitative methods, conducting in-depth interviews with participants to assess changes in self-awareness, interpersonal relationships, and overall well-being. Results indicated that participants experienced increased self-awareness, improved interpersonal relationships, and notable relaxation. However, challenges such as Nomophobia (fear of being without a phone) and FOMO Phobia (fear of missing out) were also observed. The findings suggest that digital detox camps can be effective in mitigating digital addiction and promoting mindful technology use among students. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of digital detox practices and highlights areas for further exploration and implementation.

Development financial institutions and capital formation: Experience from Nigeria

Daniel Ikezam Nwonodi — 2024-12-24

This study examines the effect of development financial institutions on capital formation in Nigeria. Using time series data from 1990 and 2023, the study employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach proposed by Pesaran et al., (2001) to estimate the long run and short run effect of development financial institutions on capital formation in Nigeria. The result from cointegration test showed presence of long run relationship between dependent and all explanatory variables. The R-squared found that about 96.9 percent of variations in capital formation are explained by all the included independent variables. The F-statistic value of the long-run model is also significant and implies that all the independents variables include in the model are jointly significant. The Durbin Watson test statistic shows an absence of autocorrelation in the model. The long-run result shows that the variables in the past have negative and no significant effect on the dependent variable (capital formation). The implication of this finding is that the Nigerian capital formation has been hindered by poor performance of the development financial institutions. The study suggest the need for the management and participants in the financial market to increase the size of the markets in Nigeria by increasing the number of development financial institutions available to increase operational efficiency and market discipline that can add positively to capital formation.

Parametric Assessment of Social media’s role in IPOB Secessionist’s Agitations in Nigeria

Obinna Johnkennedy Chukwu — 2024-12-24

Improvement in internet capacity had led to the creation of various social media platforms. The various social media platforms influenced how individuals, groups and communities interacted with each other and events in their environment. Therefore, this study assessed the influence of social media on secessionist agitations in Nigeria. The study is anchored on the cultivation theory, and adopts the survey research as the suitable methodology. The study found out that consumers of Biafra social media contents, apart from interacting with the contents, also interrogate the contents. The study also found out that consumers of social media contents who were supporters of the secessionist group rely on perceived beliefs to argue in support of the veracity of the consumed-contents, even if there had been facts to argue against the authenticity of such contents. The study concluded that social media reinforce perceived beliefs through consumed contents. Given the above, it is recommended that government should regulate social media contents, especially, the ones that ginger and stimulate separatists’ agitations.

Break even analysis for incentive based profit system in producer-distributor supply chain system

Mbachu V M — 2024-12-24

In a typical linear break even analysis, the Break Even Volume (BEV) is determined as the ratio of the total fixed cost and the difference between the total variable cost per volume (UVC) and the unit selling price (USP). Basically, this is feasible for traditional systems where the USP is greater than UVC. But in incentive based profit system adopted by most big companies for their distributors, where the distributor’s profitability is tied to his/her productivity rather than the price recovery factor, USP = UVC, and profit is based on the incentive obtained (which is a function of sales volume). The paper develops a BEV for such system, running a sensitivity analysis of the system. It was found that the BEV maintains a linear relationship with the total fixed cost, with a slope of the inverse of the product of USP and percentage of sales volume given as incentive/bonus. But for the USP and incentive plan (percentage of sales volume given as incentive/bonus) the BEV shares a negative power relationship.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and financial sector regulation: implications for accountants in Nigeria economy

Bashir M Ogungbangbe — 2024-12-24

Although artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in popularity throughout the world as a vital tool for financial statement audits, auditor adoption and use of AI tools in Nigeria is still in its infancy. The fast advancement of science, technology, and the economy has ushered in the age of artificial intelligence, which has had a profound impact on every facet of daily life. Is there a general concern about the situation of accountants facing elimination? This article will examine how artificial intelligence will affect accounting staff and how to prevent accounting fraud. Since machines cannot make decisions, this technology won't result in widespread unemployment. Instead, it will have a positive impact on the quality of accounting information. The article's conclusion will highlight the need for accounting staff to develop their seven areas of expertise and become fully qualified personnel in the context of artificial intelligence. According to the study's findings, auditors will be able to anticipate trends in the future and make better decisions that are aimed at enhancing audit procedures with the help of AI. The study suggested increasing the use of image recognition to help with object classification, investing in machine learning tools by Nigerian audit firms, and providing accountants and audit staff with ongoing training on data mining techniques to improve audit practice.

The contribution of information communications technology on improved human resources performance in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania

Fue, H Danson — 2024-12-24

The study assessed the contributions of ICT in improving human resource performance in Kinondoni Municipality. It specifically focused on the policy and legal framework governing ICT use, the contribution of ICT to human resource performance, and the challenges associated with ICT adoption in the study. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. A mixed-methods approach was used, with a sample of 100 respondents selected through purposive and stratified random sampling. Data collection included both primary and secondary sources, and quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics, while qualitative data from interviews were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that most respondents strongly agreed that ICT policies and regulations are well-established, as reflected by a mean score of 4.2 (SD = 0.75). The study further assessed the contribution of ICT in improving human resource Performance, particularly in records management. ICT enhanced efficiency, accessibility, and data integrity, with record-keeping being the most frequently cited benefit (40%). However, practical implementation of ICT remains a significant challenge, especially in developing countries like Tanzania. Most offices were internet-connected computers (mean = 4.3, SD = 0.75), suggesting a solid ICT infrastructure foundation. However, the use of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) showed a slightly lower mean of 3.9 (SD = 0.85), indicating that while HRIS adoption is underway, its full utilization is still limited. Some barriers to full ICT implementation cited included inadequate training and lack of comprehensive integration into human resource practices. The study concludes that ICT has significantly improved human resource performance in LGAs, supporting better governance and service delivery. To maximize ICT's potential, further investments in infrastructure, continuous training, e-governance initiatives, and impact evaluation frameworks are recommended to improve human resource performance and contribute to national progress.

Analysis of demand and supply of industrial vessels for upstream oil and gas operations in Nigeria

Theophilus Chinoyerem Nwokedi — 2024-12-24

This study investigated demand of offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs) by midstream Oil and Gas (O&G) operators in Nigeria. The specific objective of the study was among other things, to estimate the coefficient of elasticity of offshore industrial vessel demand and supply in Nigeria upstream O&G sector relative to variations in crude oil production capacity in Nigeria’s oil fields, number of operational oil wells, vessel spot market rates and per barrel oil prices. Data on OSV demand and supply, crude oil prices, oil production levels and operational oil wells were obtained from the Department of Petroleum Resources. The log-log constant elasticity model was used to analyze the data obtained. It was found that, a 1% increase in number of operational oil-wells (Wc) led to a 0.22% increase in the demand for industrial vessels for offshore O&G operations in Nigeria while a 1% increase in industrial vessel charter rates led to a 0.356% decrease in demand for industrial vessels in the offshore O&G sector in Nigeria. For each 1% increase in crude oil prices, demand for industrial vessels to service the transportation need of the Nigerian O&G sector increased by 0.477%. Recommendations were proffered on the basis of the research findings.

The influence of climate change on business performance in the Riverine areas of South-South Region, Nigeria

Marcus Garvey Orji — 2024-12-24

The global climate change has continued to generate serious concern in the recent times especially with its increasing effect on business and human activities, as can be seen in Nigerian riverine areas. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Climate Change on business performance in the riverine areas of the South-South region Nigeria. The study sought to: investigate the effect of rising sea levels; shrinking mountain glaciers and accelerating ice melting on businesses performance in the region. The study is survey research, sampling the opinion of 253 selected business operators in the area. Their opinion was collected using a structured questionnaire and data collected were analysed by simple regression method. The findings revealed that indeed, rising sea levels, shrinking mountain glaciers, and accelerating ice melting has significant effect on business performance in the region. The study concluded that Climate change in one way or the other affects businesses, economy and business environment. Mitigating climate change, addressing waste and pollution, and ensuring environmental sustainability are among the world’s most pressing issues. It therefore recommended that Nigerian government should pay serious attention to the high rise in sea level through different environmental policies and legislation; government should also encourage voluntary mitigation to reduce emission of greenhouse gases and shrinking mountain glaciers to protect the environment. Also, there is the need for promoting businesses and environmental education; develop and put in practice adequate governance frameworks that enable the sharing and re-use of environmental data to recede or mitigate the effect of climate change in the riverine areas of Nigeria.

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on Bangladeshi students

Subrata Banik — 2024-12-31

Bangladesh has been profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic since March 2020. It affected various age groups, occupations, and communities. Due to lockdowns, social distance, self-isolation or quarantine, medical services crises, job losses, and future uncertainty, most of the people suffered physically and mentally. Especially, long-term shut down of educational institutions and uncertainty in educational activities led the students into psychological distress, even sometimes into psychological disorder. This study aimed to investigate the overall scenario and psychological status of the students during the COVID-19 epidemic. Through a questionnaire survey, 464 responses were collected from university students who were selected by following a snowball sampling method. The questionnaire contained the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Results indicated that a significant number of the students (76.6%) were experiencing anxiety. Students' anxiety was significantly influenced by their educational level, where delay and uncertainty about earning a bachelor's or master's degree raised anxiety levels. Besides, female students were found more likely to be severely anxious. However, place of residence, changes in family income, lived at during epidemic, got COVID-19, and relative or acquaintance got COVID-19 had no significant effect on their anxiety. This study suggested that universities should prioritize mental health resources with flexible learning environments and foster a sense of community to help students recover and thrive in a post-pandemic world. And the government and educational institutions should work together to address and resolve this regard.

Talent development as a sustainable practice for employee engagement: A Delphi study

Parvati Agrahari — 2024-12-31

Purpose: The study attempts to explore the relationship between talent development (TD) and employee engagement (EE). The purpose is to identify those talent development affecting factors that act as key predictors of employee engagement in higher educational institutions of private sector.
Methodology: The study is qualitative. Extensive literature review was carried out to identify factors affecting talent development which could play a critical role in enriching the employee engagement. Delphi technique has been followed to identify the key factors affecting the employee engagement level in private educational institutions. Opinions of fifteen experts were collected through a questionnaire that was designed based on literature review.
Finding: The study implies that some of the factors that affect talent development also act as a measure to elevate the level of engagement of employees at the job.
Implications: The administration of educational institutions may use the developed conceptual model to diagnose areas of improvement for talent development strategies. It would ultimately be helpful in predicting, increasing, and sustaining the level of employee engagement. This is ultimately expected to lead to a better entire academic community.
Contribution: The study has filled the conceptual void that exists in literature in the area of talent development in educational institutions. The study presents the relation/linkage between the factors of talent development and employee engagement by developing a conceptual model.